CBN Rescinds Ban on Cryptocurrency Transactions

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has retracted its prohibition on cryptocurrency transactions in Nigeria.

This policy reversal was conveyed in a circular no. FPR/DIR/PUB/CIR/002/003, dated December 22, 2023, and signed by Haruna Mustafa, Director, Financial Policy and Regulation Department.

Earlier, in February 2021, the apex bank had imposed a ban on cryptocurrency transactions in Nigeria, citing concerns over potential money laundering and terrorism financing risks, as well as the absence of regulatory measures and consumer protections.

However, citing evolving global trends and regulatory developments, the CBN acknowledged the necessity of regulating Virtual Assets Service Providers (VASPs). This recognition aligns with the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) updated Recommendation 15 in 2018, which urged the regulation of VASPs to prevent misuse of virtual assets for illegal activities. The Money Laundering (Prevention and Prohibition) Act, 2022 also included VASPs within the definition of financial institutions.

The new guideline issued by the CBN is aimed at providing clarity to financial institutions under its purview regarding their relationships with VASPs operating in Nigeria. Notably, this guideline supersedes previous directives, particularly circulars FPR/DIR/GEN/CIR/06/010 dated January 12, 2017, and BSD/DIR/PUB/LAB/014/001 dated February 5, 2021.

Despite the lifting of the ban, the CBN reiterated that banks and financial institutions are still prohibited from directly engaging in trading, holding, or transacting in virtual currencies on their own accounts.

Under the revised directive, banks and financial institutions are mandated to promptly comply. The CBN also reminded these entities of its previous circular, BSD/DIR/PUB/LAB/014/001 dated February 5, 2021, which urged them to identify and close the accounts associated with cryptocurrency transactions.